Sigaar cabista waa sababta ugu weyn ee dhimashada dagdaga ah keenta dalka Jarmalka. Inkastoo dad badan ay si fiican uga warqabaan khatarta caafimaad ee sigaarka iyo xayaysiisyada digniinta leh, haddana malaayiin qof ayaa wali sigaarka isticmaala. Hay’adda caafimaadka adduunka (WHO) ayaa sheegtay in Jarmalku uusan si ku filan ula dagaalamin sigaarka, iyadoo ku baaqday in talaabooyin adag la qaado.
Warbixin cusub oo WHO ay soo saartay ayaa lagu sheegay in Jarmalku uu ka gaabinayo xakamaynta isticmaalka tubaakada. Si gaar ah, cashuurta la saaro sigaarka ayaa wali hooseysa marka loo eego wadamada kale ee Yurub. Wadamada hoos yimaada WHO ee yurub oo gaaraya 53 dal, Jarmalka wuxuu kaga jiraa meelaha ugu hooseeya marka la eego cashuurta sigaarka oo kaliya gaaraysa 61.4%. WHO waxay ku talinaysaa in ugu yaraan 75% qiimaha sigaarka ay noqoto cashuur, si loo yareeyo isticmaalkiisa.
Sigaarka wali wuu baahsan yahay inkastoo hoos u dhac muuqda jiro
Inkasta oo daraasado ay muujinayaan hoos u dhac ku yimid isticmaalka sigaarka, sida ku cad sahanka Jarmalka ee la xiriira caadooyinka sigaarka (DEBRA-Study), haddana sigaarka wali aad ayuu u fidsan yahay. Qiyaastii 28.3% dadka waaweyn ee dalka ayaa wali si joogto ah u cabba sigaar.
Waxaa xusid mudan, tirakoobkii ugu dambeeyay ee laga helay Xafiiska Tirakoobka Jarmalka ayaa muujiyay in celceliska qofkiiba uu koror yar ku yimid tirada sigaarka la isticmaalo. Taas macnaheedu waa in hoos u dhaca isticmaalka aan wali joogto noqon.
Mid ka mid ah sababaha ugu waaweyn ee dadka ugu adag tahay inay joojiyaan sigaarka waa sababta oo ah sunta Nikotiinka ayaa si dhakhso ah maskaxda ugu tagta marka la neefsado, taasoo kicisa qaybta farxada iyo daganaashaha ee maskaxda. Tani waxay qofka dareensiinaysaa nasasho ama raaxo, taasoo qofka ku qasbeysa inuu markale isku dayo. Sidoo kale, qofka wuxuu si fudud ugu dhici karaa inuu caado ka dhigto, waana sababta dad badani ugu dhibtoonayaan inay si rasmi ah uga tagaan sigaarka.
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| Waa maxay sababta weli aad loogu cabo sigaarka wadankan Jarmalka |
Carruurta iyo dhalinyarada ayaa si gaar ah khatar ugu jira
Cilmi baaris la yiraahdo “Radarka ka-hortagga (Präventionsradar)” ayaa muujisay in dhalinyarada Jarmalka ay si joogto ah ugu bilaabaan isticmaalka sigaarka ama badeecooyinka kale ee nikotiinka leh, gaar ahaan kuwa dareemaya cadaadis nololeed ama kuwa ku nool qoysaska dhaqaale ahaan daciifka ah.
Daraasadaha waxay muujinayaan in dhalinyarada aan dhigan dugsiyada sare (Gymnasium) ay aad ugu badan tahay inay bilaabaan sigaarka marka loo eego kuwa dhigta dugsiyada sare. Saameynta saaxiibada iyo deegaanka ayaa sidoo kale door weyn ka ciyaarta. Haddii qofku uu la saaxiibo asxaab sigaarka isticmaala, fursadda uu isna ku bilaabayo way kordhaysaa.
Khatarta caafimaad ee sigaarka
Sigaarka wuxuu si toos ah ugu xiran yahay cudurrada halista ah sida wadne xanuunka, kansarka, gaar ahaan kansarka sanbabada, iyo cudurrada neef-mareenka sida COPD (waa cudur kudhaca neef-mareenka inta badanaa wuxuu haleelaa dadka sigaarka caba). WHO waxay sheegtay in dadka sigaarka caba isla markaana aan joojin, kalabar ka mid ah dadkaas ay ugu dambeyn u dhintaan cudurrada sigaarka keeno.
Jarmalka gudahiisa qiyaastii 127,000 qof ayaa sanad walba u dhinta sigaarka. Tani waxay sigaarka ka dhigeysaa sababta ugu weyn ee dhimasho hore oo laga hortagi karo keenta dalalka horumaray, sida laga soo xigtay machadka caafimaadka Jarmalka ee Robert Koch Institute (RKI).
Dhibaatadu kuma koobna dadka sigaarka cabba oo keliya, bulshada inteeda kale ayaa sidoo kale la kulma saameyn, iyadoo xanuunnada ka dhasha sigaarka ay keenaan kharash caafimaad oo aad u sareeya. Waxay sidoo kale horseedaan in dad badani ay waayaan awooddooda shaqo, taasoo saameyn dhaqaale leh u keenta dalka oo dhan.
Talaabooyinka siyaasadeed kuma filna
Dowladda Jarmalka waxay sheegtay inay sare u qaadayso cashuurta sigaarka ilaa 2026, balse khubarada waxay rumaysan yihiin in kororkaasi uu aad u yaryahay. Tusaale ahaan sanadka 2025, cashuurta sigaarka kaliya waxaa kordhay nus cent halkii sigaar ah marka loo eego sanadihii hore.
Professor Wulf Pankow waa khabiir caafimaadka neef-mareenka ah, oo ka tirsan ururka Jarmalka ee La-dagaallanka Cudurrada Sambabada (DGP), wuxuu ku baaqayaa in cashuurta sigaarka si weyn loo kordhiyo. Cilmi baarisyadu waxay muujinayaan in qiimaha sigaarka marka la kordhiyo, gaar ahaan dadka dakhligoodu hooseeyo iyo dhalinyarada, ay aad uga baaqsadaan inay bilaabaan sigaarka ama ay sii wataan isticmaalka.
WHO waxay ku talinaysaa in ugu yaraan 75% qiimaha sigaarka laga dhigo cashuur. Dalal badan oo caalamka ah, gaar ahaan kuwa horumaray, ayaa hadda hirgeliyay talaabadan, laakiin Jarmalka wali wuu ka dambeeyaa.
Waxaa sidoo kale lagu eedeeyay Jarmalka inay liidato xayiraadaha xayeysiinta sigaarka, taageerada dadka doonaya inay iska daayaan sigaarka, iyo shuruucda mamnuucista sigaarka meelaha dadweynuhu isugu yimaadaan. Weli waxaa jirta fasax lagu cabi karo qaar ka mid ah makhaayadaha iyo goobaha furan ee dadku ku kulmaan.
Halista E-sigaarka iyo dhadhanka (Aromen)
Dhibaato kale oo sii kordheysa waa isticmaalka E-sigaarka (Vapes), kuwaasoo inkastoo aysan tubaako gubin, haddana inta badan ay ku jiraan dareere nikotiin leh, taasoo si la mid ah caadada sigaarka dadka ugu keenta caado iyo balwad.
Cilmi baaris la sameeyay 2024 ayaa muujisay in xitaa walxaha laga helo E-sigaarka marka la kululeeyo ay samayn karaan kiimikooyin halis ah. Khubaradu waxay aad uga digeen dhadhanka macaanka iyo midhaha ee lagu daro dareerayaasha Vapes-ka, kuwaasoo si gaar ah loogu talagalay in dhalinyarada lagu dhiirrigeliyo.
WHO iyo DGP waxay dalbadeen in si deg deg ah loo mamnuuco dhadhanka macmacaanka leh ee E-sigaarka, maadaama ay dhalinyarada si fudud ugu dhiirrigelinayaan inay bilaabaan cabista Vapes-ka, taasoo ugu dambeyn sababi karta in si joogto ah loogu xirmo nikotiinka.
Khatarta dhadhanka lagu daro sigaarka
Professor Reiner Hanewinkel oo ah madax ka tirsan machadka daraasaadka iyo cilmi-baadhista caafimaadka ee Kiel, wuxuu sheegay in dhadhanka lagu daro sigaarka uu yareeyo diidmada jidhka sida hindhisada ama qufaca. Tani waxay ka dhigeysaa in si qoto dheer loo neefsado, taasoo keenta in sunta si buuxda ugu faafto sanbabada.
Sidoo kale dhadhank, sida Vanilka ayaa lagu ogaaday inuu waxyeelo u keeno hab-dhiska difaaca jidhka, oo uu beddelo shaqada sanbabada, isla markaana uu sababo cudurro iyo waxyeelo hidesidaha ah (DNA-ga) ah. In badan oo ka mid ah dhadhanka la isticmaalo wali laguma samayn baaritaano ku filan oo caafimaad.
Dalalka kale ee hore u maray
Qaar ka mid ah wadamada yurub, sida Netherlands ayaa horay u mamnuucay dhadhanka lagu daro E-sigaarka. Guud ahaan kaliya afar wadan oo ay ka mid yihiin Netherlands, Brazil, Mauritius, iyo Turkiga ayaa hirgeliyay dhammaan talaabooyinka ay WHO ku taliyaan si loo yareeyo isticmaalka sigaarka.
Jarmalka waxaa lagu ammaanay kaliya seddex meelood: in xog joogto ah laga ururiyo dadka sigaarka isticmaala, in digniin muuqata laga bixiyo khatarta caafimaad, iyo in wacyigelin lagu sameeyo warbaahinta. Laakiin dhinacyada kale Jarmalka wali waa uu ka gaabinayaa.
Gabagabo iyo baaq
Khabiirada caafimaadka iyo hay’adaha caalamiga ah waxay si isku mid ah u dalbanayaan in Jarmalka uu si dhab ah ula dagaallamo caadooyinka sigaarka. Waxay ku taliyeen:
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In cashuurta sigaarka si weyn loo kordhiyo
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In dhammaan xayaysiisyada sigaarka la mamnuuco
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In dhadhanka Vapes-ka iyo badeecooyinka nikotiinka leh la mamnuuco
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In si adag loo joojiyo sigaarka meelaha dadweynuhu isugu yimaadaan
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In la ballaariyo barnaamijyada dadka laga caawiyo joojinta sigaarka
Professor Pankow wuxuu sheegay in saameynta warshadaha sigaarka ay sabab u noqotay gaabiska talaabooyinka lagama maarmaanka ah. Haddii la doonayo in dhimashada sigaarka la yareeyo iyo kharashaadka caafimaad ee sii kordhaya la xakameeyo, waxaa lama huraan ah in si deg deg ah loo hirgeliyo talaabooyin adag.
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